Census 2011: Literacy Rate and Sex Ratio in India Since 1901 to 2011
A person aged seven or above, who can both read and write with understanding in any language is termed as the literate. Sex ratio is defined as the number of females /1000 males. As per census 2011 India has the literacy of 74.04 and sex ratio at the 934females/1000 males.
Literacy Rate Definition: The total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding. Here the denominator is the population aged seven years or more. In the table given below we can see that India had only 18% literate population at the commencement of the Indian constitution which has became 74.04% in census of 2011.
Total Literacy rate of whole population of India Since 1901 to 2011
| S.N. |
Census year |
Persons |
Gap in Male- Female Literacy Rate (in %) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. |
1901 |
5.4 |
9.2 |
| 2. |
1911 |
5.9 |
9.6 |
| 3. |
1921 |
7.2 |
10.40 |
| 4. |
1931 |
9.5 |
12.7 |
| 5. |
1941 |
16.1 |
17.6 |
| 6. |
1951 |
18.33 |
12.30 |
| 7. |
1961 |
28.3 |
25.05 |
| 8. |
1971 |
34.45 |
23.98 |
| 9. |
1981 |
43.57 |
26.62 |
| 10. |
1991 |
52.21 |
24.84 |
| 11. |
2001 |
64.83 |
21.59 |
| 12. |
2011 |
74.04 |
16.68 |
Source: census 2011, India 2016
Literacy rate of only Male population in India Since 1901 to 2011: In the last 60 years the literate population of India has became 4th time from 21% in 1951 to 82% in 2011.
| S.N. |
Census year |
% of Male Literacy |
|---|---|---|
| 1. |
1901 |
9.8 |
| 2. |
1911 |
10.6 |
| 3. |
1921 |
12.2 |
| 4. |
1931 |
15.6 |
| 5. |
1941 |
24.9 |
| 6. |
1951 |
21.16 |
| 7. |
1961 |
40.40 |
| 8. |
1971 |
45.96 |
| 9. |
1981 |
56.38 |
| 10. |
1991 |
64.13 |
| 11. |
2001 |
75.26 |
| 12. |
2011 |
82.14 |
Source: census 2011, India 2016
Literacy Rate of only Female Population in India Since 1901 to 2011: The women education is still in very pitiable condition as the population of literate women is still hovering around 65% of the total population of the country. Percentage of literate women in the country was just 9% in 1951.
| S.N. |
Census year |
% of Female literacy |
|---|---|---|
| 1. |
1901 |
0.6 |
| 2. |
1911 |
1.0 |
| 3. |
1921 |
1.8 |
| 4. |
1931 |
2.9 |
| 5. |
1941 |
7.3 |
| 6. |
1951 |
8.86 |
| 7. |
1961 |
15.35 |
| 8. |
1971 |
21.97 |
| 9. |
1981 |
29.76 |
| 10. |
1991 |
39.29 |
| 11. |
2001 |
53.67 |
| 12. |
2011 |
65.46 |
Source: census 2011, India 2016
Image source:www.qcin.org
Sex Ratio in India Since 1901 to 2011:-
Sex Ratio Definition: It is defined as the number of females /1000 males. It is an important social indicator to measure the extent of prevailing equality between males and females in a society at a given point of time. India is a patriarchal society that is why sex ratio is always unfavourable for women in this country. In the given table it can be observed that the number of females never exceeded the males since 1901.
| S.N. |
Census Year |
Sex Ratio ( females/1000 males) |
|---|---|---|
| 1. |
1901 |
972 |
| 2. |
1911 |
964 |
| 3. |
1921 |
955 |
| 4. |
1931 |
950 |
| 5. |
1941 |
945 |
| 6. |
1951 |
946 |
| 7. |
1961 |
941 |
| 8. |
1971 |
930 |
| 9. |
1981 |
934 |
| 10. |
1991 |
927 |
| 11. |
2001 |
933 |
| 12. |
2011 |
943 |
Source:Census 2011 and India 2016
Sex Ratio can be seen through Graph also:
Image source:Erewise
Literacy in India is a key for socio-economic progress, and the Indian literacy rate has grown to 74.04% (2011 census) from 12% at the end of British rule in 1947.India still have miles to go in this direction. Sex ratio and child sex ratio is still very low as compare to the developed countries of the world. Although overall sex ratio of India is improving due to lot of motivational programmes.
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